Naproxen is a popular over-the-counter and prescription medication widely used to relieve pain, reduce inflammation, and lower fever. It belongs to the class of drugs known as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and is effective for a variety of acute and chronic conditions.

This article provides a comprehensive overview of Naproxen, including its uses, dosage recommendations, potential side effects, precautions, and important safety information.

What Is Naproxen?

Naproxen is an NSAID that works by inhibiting the enzymes cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). These enzymes play a crucial role in producing prostaglandins—chemical messengers that promote inflammation, pain, and fever. By blocking COX enzymes, Naproxen reduces these symptoms effectively.

Common Uses of Naproxen

Naproxen is commonly used for:

• Relieving pain from conditions like headaches, toothaches, menstrual cramps, muscle aches, and back pain

• Treating inflammation related to arthritis (osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile arthritis)

• Reducing fever caused by infections or other illnesses

• Managing acute injuries such as sprains and strains

Naproxen Dosage Guidelines

Dosage varies depending on the condition being treated, age, and formulation (immediate or extended-release). Common dosage recommendations include:

• Adults: 220 mg to 550 mg every 8 to 12 hours as needed; the maximum daily dose generally should not exceed 1,000 to 1,375 mg depending on the product and indication.

• Children: Dosage is based on weight and age and should be determined by a healthcare professional.

It is best taken with food or milk to reduce stomach irritation. Always follow the dosing instructions on the label or those given by a healthcare provider.

Potential Side Effects of Naproxen

While Naproxen is effective, it can cause side effects, especially with long-term use or high doses.

Common Side Effects:

• Upset stomach, nausea, or heartburn

• Headache or dizziness

• Bruising or bleeding easily

• Mild rash or itching

Serious Side Effects (Require Immediate Medical Attention):

• Severe stomach pain or vomiting blood

• Black or tarry stools

• Chest pain, shortness of breath, weakness, or slurred speech (signs of heart attack or stroke)

• Swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat (allergic reaction)

• Signs of kidney problems such as decreased urination or swelling in legs/feet

Precautions and Warnings

• Stomach and gastrointestinal risks: Naproxen can increase the risk of ulcers and bleeding, especially in people with a history of stomach ulcers or gastrointestinal bleeding.

• Cardiovascular risks: Long-term use may increase the risk of heart attack or stroke, particularly in those with existing heart conditions.

• Kidney and liver function: Caution in individuals with kidney or liver disease; regular monitoring may be necessary.

• Drug interactions: Naproxen can interact with blood thinners, other NSAIDs, certain blood pressure medications, and more. Always inform your healthcare provider about all medications and supplements you take.

• Pregnancy and breastfeeding: Use only if clearly needed and prescribed by a doctor, especially during the third trimester.

How to Take Naproxen Safely

• Take Naproxen with food or a full glass of water to minimize stomach upset.

• Avoid alcohol as it increases the risk of stomach bleeding.

• Do not exceed the recommended dose or duration without medical advice.

• If pain or fever persists beyond a few days, consult a healthcare professional.

• Inform your doctor before surgery or dental procedures, as Naproxen can affect blood clotting.

When to See a Doctor

Seek prompt medical care if you experience:

• Severe abdominal pain or persistent vomiting

• Blood in vomit or stools

• Sudden chest pain or difficulty breathing

• Severe allergic reactions (rash, swelling, difficulty breathing)

• Symptoms of liver or kidney problems

Conclusion

Naproxen is a widely used NSAID effective in relieving pain, inflammation, and fever. While generally safe when used as directed, it carries potential risks, especially with long-term or high-dose use. Proper usage, awareness of side effects, and consultation with healthcare professionals can help maximize benefits while minimizing risks.